Citigroup got things off to a bearish start with a prediction that fears of sovereign debt contagion over Greece could trigger a near-term correction of up to 20%.

They said that while there have been financial crises with international implications in the recent past -- Northern Europe in 1992, Southeast Asia and South Korea in 1997 -- the Greek crisis is "graver than these were."

"It's panic selling," said Burt White, chief investment officer at LPL Financial in Boston, which oversees $379 billion. "There's concern that the European situation might cool down global growth and freeze the credit markets."

The Dow lost as much as 998.5 points, or 9.2 percent, before paring its loss to 383.17 points at 3:17 p.m. in New York. The Standard & Poor’s 500 Index fell as much as 8.6 percent, its biggest plunge since December 2008, before trimming its decline to 3.6 percent.

Like a magnet, Dow 10,000 has emerged as a financial force of nature that attracts and repels stock investors during thrilling bouts of profit-induced euphoria and depressing journeys into money-losing despair. The Dow Jones industrials may climb above 14,000. Perform a 15,000 tease. Or plunge to 6500. But ever since its maiden voyage to 10,000 on March 29, 1999, the 113-year-old stock index with the blue-chip pedigree always seems to end up back at the same place: Dow 10,000.

The market closed Wednesday with the Dow up 145 points to 10,016, its first time above 10,000 in a year. The fact that the Dow, a financial icon with a global following, is again north of that key level is significant because seven months ago it was feeling the full brunt of the financial crisis and trading below 7000 – a 12-year low and 53.8% off its October 2007 record of 14,164.53.

The Dow climbed four of five sessions this week and ended up 4% over that period, snapping a two-week losing skid.

The market's gains this week have been driven by a promising start to the earnings season from Alcoa, whose shares gained 10% since Monday, and a move by the Reserve Bank of Australia to tighten its key interest rate. Many investors interpreted that move as a sign that the global economy is returning to normalcy following last year's meltdown.

"Much of the earnings we are going to see will depend on the global economy," said Jordan Smyth, a managing director for Edgemoor Investment Advisors. "It seems everyone now expects earnings will continue to exceed expectations and we'll be looking for confirmation that businesses are seeing what we think we're seeing in the economy."

For the third quarter, the Dow rose 15 percent, the S&P 500 gained 15 percent and the Nasdaq climbed 15.7 percent. The Dow's performance marked its biggest quarterly gain since the fourth quarter of 1998.

• Dow +8.4%
• Nasdaq +7.8%
• S&P 500 +7.4%

While Silvant sees the S&P staying in a range of 650 to 750, a decline to 500 is "definitely possible," Mr. Guinther says.

A level of 500 on the S&P is "possible, but I wouldn't put it in the realm of probable," says Thomas Lee, chief U.S. equity strategist at J.P. Morgan. Mr. Lee on March 2 removed a tentative "buy" recommendation he had placed on the S&P in February.

For Mr. Lee, the S&P at 500 "would imply that we are now in a period similar to April 1932 -- the final stages of a bear market."

Between April 8, 1932, and July 8, 1932, stocks fell 34% -- a little more than what it would take to get the S&P to 500.

A level of 500 would take declines for the S&P to 68% since its October 2007 high, compared with the peak-to-trough depression-era slump of almost 90%.

• Dow: 7,114.94 - down 250.73 points (3.40%)
• S&P 500: 743.33 - down 26.72 points (3.47%)
• Nasdaq: 1,387.72 - down 53.51 points (3.71%)

• Dow Jones Industrial Average: -34%
• S&P 500: -38%
• Nasdaq: -40%
• Dow Jones Financials: -55%

• Dow: 8,579.19 -678.91 (-7.33%)
• Nasdaq: 1,645.12 -95.21 (-5.47%)
• S&P 500: 909.92 -75.02 (-7.62%)

• Dow: -508.39 points (-5.1%) to 9,447.11
• Nasdaq: -108.08 points (-5.8%) to 1,754.88
• S&P 500: -60.66 points (-5.7%) to 996.23

Equities remained sharply lower as minutes from the Federal Reserve's last formal meeting revealed rate cuts were put on the table at the mid-September gathering, and after Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke in a speech opened the door for a possible interest-rate cut soon.

"Despite its scale, the Federal Reserve's massive injection of financial liquidity of late and its announcement of a new facility that will purchase commercial paper is not registering with investors who appear to be clamoring for interest rate cuts instead," said Tony Crescenzi, chief bond market strategist at Miller Tabak & Co.

• Dow Falls 778 Points
• Dow Falls 700 Points As Bailout Package Fails
• Dow's 778-Point Tailspin Is Bigger Loss Than First Trading Day After 2001 Attacks
• Bleeding Red: Dow Dives 778 on Rescue Vote
• Financial Meltdown: Dow Plunges 778 Pts
• Fears Send Dow Down 778 in Biggest One-day Loss
• Bailout Vote Sacks Dow by Record 778
• Capitol Hill Drama Hits Wall Street
• Dow Falls 778 Points; Stocks Take a Beating

• Dow: -449.36 (-4.06%)
• Nasdaq: -109.05 (-4.94%)
• S&P 500: -57.20 (-4.71%)

"People are scared to death," said Bill Stone, chief investment strategist for PNC Wealth Management. "Who would have imagined that AIG would have gotten into this position?"

He said the fear gripping the markets reflects investors' concerns that AIG wasn't able to find a lifeline in the private sector and that Wall Street is now fretting about what other institutions could falter. Over the past year, companies including Lehman and AIG have sought to reassure investors that they weren't in trouble, and now the market isn't sure who can and can't be trusted.

"No one's going to be believing anybody now because AIG said they were OK along with everybody else," Stone said.

The two independent Wall Street investment banks left standing - Goldman Sachs Group Inc. and Morgan Stanley - remain under scrutiny, as does Washington Mutual Inc., the country's largest thrift bank. Morgan Stanley revealed its quarterly earnings early late Tuesday, posting a better-than-expected 7 percent slide in fiscal third-quarter profit. It insisted that it is surviving the credit crisis that has ravaged many of its peers.

"It's ugly," said Michael Mullaney, a Boston-based money manager for Fiduciary Trust Co., which oversees $10 billion in stocks and bonds. "It's about the worst I've seen it in 25 years. You have to have free-flowing credit to lubricate the system. That's not happening right now."

The stock market has suffered one of its worst days in years as investors reacted to a stunning reshaping of the landscape of Wall Street that took out two storied names: Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. and Merrill Lynch & Co.

The Dow Jones industrials are down more than 504 points, their sixth-largest point drop ever and their worst showing since they lost 508 in the October 1987 crash.

Investors were shaken by Lehman's bankruptcy filing and what was essentially a forced sale of Merrill Lynch to Bank of America for $50 billion in stock.

Shares began falling after a Dow Jones Newswires report that the chairman of South Korea's top securities regulator, Jun Kwang-woo, had said talks between Lehman and KDB had ended. A spokesman for the regulator denied the report, telling Reuters that Jun never made any such declaration.

The Dow article also quoted an unnamed government official as saying KDB had decided not to invest in Lehman.

"The market fears that no one will inject capital in the company," said Nick Kalivas, equity market analyst at MF Global Research in Chicago.

In afternoon trading, Lehman shares were down $5.95, or 42 percent, at $8.20 on the New York Stock Exchange.

The slide wiped out more than $4 billion of market value, based on reported shares outstanding, and was a factor in broad declines in major U.S. stock indexes. Prices of safe-haven U.S. Treasuries rose. Lehman shares touched their lowest level since October 1998, Reuters data show.

The market was already nervous as it waited for the government to release its August employment report on Friday. So news from the nation's major retailers that shoppers curtailed their spending last month due to higher gas and food prices came as a heavy blow.

Wal-Mart Stores Inc., the world's largest retailer, beat expectations because of its big discounts, but many teen retailers and luxury chains did poorly, a sign that consumers are spending mostly on essentials and putting discretionary buying on hold.

Meanwhile, the Labor Department said new applications for unemployment insurance rose by 15,000 last week from the previous week. That broadly missed expectations for a fourth-straight week of declines, heightening worries that the average American -- already feeling the effects of the weak housing market -- will have even less means to spend.

• allowing homeowners who cannot afford their monthly payments to refinance into government-backed loans through the Federal Housing Administration;
• extending a line of credit to Fannie (FNM) and Freddie (FRE), the government-sponsored mortgage-finance titans;
• modernizing the FHA, increasing the loan limit for FHA loans and increasing conforming-loan limits for Fannie and Freddie.

U.S. stocks staged a solid rally Tuesday to more than recoup the prior day's steep losses, as consumer confidence rose and crude prices declined, offering some respite to ongoing concerns about the economy.

"These are good things and when you combine that with relatively low rates, maybe we can be happy at least one day this week," said Kevin Giddis, managing director, Morgan Keegan & Co.

The major stock indexes built on gains to end at or near session highs after data showing a better-than-forecast rise in consumer confidence and the price of crude fell nearly $4 a barrel.

Bernanke told Congress the U.S. economy is faced with "numerous difficulties," such as strains in financial markets, a shaky job market and ongoing weakness in the housing market. These difficulties are persisting despite the Fed's massive interest rate cuts and expanded lending efforts over the past year.

U.S. officials' comments come only days after the Fed and the Treasury said they would lend financial support to mortgage financiers Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac if necessary. The well-being of the government-chartered companies has drawn Wall Street's attention in recent weeks as the companies together hold or guarantee more than $5 trillion in mortgages -- nearly half the nation's total.

"The markets are reacting negatively to the renewed credit crisis in the U.S. and that's hurting the dollar across the board," said Roberto Mialich, a Milan-based currency strategist at Unicredit Markets & Investment Banking, a unit of Italy's largest lender. "The market is speculating that Bernanke will offer a gloomy outlook for the U.S. economy."

The dollar fell to $1.6038 per euro, the lowest since the euro's inception in 1999, and was at $1.6006 as of 7:22 a.m. in New York, from $1.5908 yesterday. The U.S. currency also dropped to 104.61 yen, the lowest level since June 9, from 106.14 yen yesterday. The yen traded at 167.69 per euro, from 168.89 yesterday, when it weakened to 169.75, the lowest since the single currency's debut.

The dollar may fall to between $1.62 and $1.63 in the coming month, Mialich said.

Investors seemed unimpressed by a statement from Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson, who said the government's focus is ensuring that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac remain as presently constituted to carry out their mission.

The government-chartered companies at times each lost more than 40 percent on growing speculation that a government bailout is needed. A collapse of the two financiers would cause further shock to the financial system, and trigger more losses to banks and brokerages with significant holdings of mortgage-backed securities.

The troubles at Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are just the latest depressing turn in a year-old credit crisis that shows no sign of ending, disappointing stock traders who just months ago who thought the worst was perhaps over.

"In the aftermath of a long credit-driven boom, it would not be surprising to see turmoil in financial markets, slowing real growth and temporarily rising inflation," the BIS said in its annual report.

"While difficult to predict, their interaction does appear to point to a deeper and more protracted global downturn than the consensus view seems to expect."

The Basel-based bank added that the current "consensus view is still that the global economy will slow only modestly further in 2008" and that growth continued to be strong in the euro zone, Japan, and major emerging market economies.

Often called the central bank of central banks, the BIS said during its last fiscal year central banks worldwide reacted to the financial and monetary policy situation differently, and that given their countries' different economic situations, a "one size fits all" monetary policy can't necessarily be predicted or suggested.

The bank said that with inflation rising, a global bias toward higher interest rates was probably appropriate. Higher interest rates can cool inflation, but run the risk of lower growth.

"Between inflation and the liquidity crisis, this is one of the toughest markets I've seen," said Dreman, who oversees about $15 billion in Jersey City, New Jersey. "But it's not a market you sell into. Any losses you take by being too early will be more than offset by buying cheaply."

When pension funds and hedge funds want to sell or buy shares...usually thousands at a time...they prefer to do it anonymously....and usually.. on an electronic trading system. These so called "dark pools" are changing the face of trading but could systems designed to make trading more efficient have the opposite effect?

The Dow fell 86 points to 12,216. The S&P 500 lost 10 points to 1,315. The Nasdaq gave up 19 points to 2,261. Crude oil prices dropped nearly $2 to settle at $105.62 a barrel.

he Dow Industrials rose 187.32 to 12,548.64. The S&P 500 gained 20.37 to 1349.88. The Nasdaq surged 68.64 to 2326.75.

JPMorgan Chase & Co. agreed to buy Bear Stearns Cos. for $240 million, about 90 percent less than its value last week, after a run on the company ended 85 years of independence for Wall Street's fifth-largest securities firm.

Shareholders of Bear Stearns will get stock in JPMorgan equivalent to about $2 a share, compared with $30 at the close on March 14, the New York-based companies said in a statement late yesterday. The Federal Reserve is providing financial backing to JPMorgan, the second-biggest U.S. bank, and also cut the rate on direct loans to banks in its first emergency weekend action in almost three decades to stave off a broader market panic.

President Bush rushed to strike a note of calm to the turbulent situation on Monday morning, hailing the Fed's action and saying: "We've taken strong decisive action." The president spoke after meeting at the White House with Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson and other members of his economic team. "We're in challenging times," Bush said.

The mortgage foreclosure crisis has caused a drop in cities' revenues, a spike in crime, more homelessness and an increase in vacant properties, a survey of elected local officials out today shows.

About two-thirds of 211 officials surveyed by the National League of Cities reported an increase in foreclosures in their cities in the past year, according to the online and e-mail questionnaire. A third of them reported a drop in revenues and an increase in abandoned and vacant properties and urban blight.

"There's a reduction in revenues at the same time that more services are needed," says Cynthia McCollum, president of the National League of Cities and councilwoman in Madison, Ala., a suburb of Huntsville. "Because of foreclosures, people are stealing, crime is on the rise and we don't have more money for cops on the street."

The volatility that pummeled stocks in January returned with the news that the service sector shrank last month for the first time since March 2003. The report from the Institute for Supply Management wiped out the nascent optimism about the economy that had sent stocks surging higher last week.

"The report drives a nail into the coffin from investors' minds that we're in a recession," said Todd Salamone, director of trading at Schaeffer's Investment Research. "That doesn't mean stock prices in the months ahead will be lower. But when you see headline numbers like this, there tends to be a reactionary sell."

The ISM said its index of service sector activity, which accounts for about two-thirds of the economy, dropped below 50, a level that indicates contraction. Economists had expected another month of growth.

It's possible the service sector, which includes businesses ranging from restaurants to retailers to banks, could bounce back in February as the manufacturing sector did in January after its December contraction. The benefit of the Federal Reserve's two big interest rate cuts in the latter part of January could also help spur the service sector back into growth mode later this year.

Global stock indexes, including the UK FTSE 100, have fallen their most since the terrorist attacks of September 11 2001 amid fears of a recession.

The FTSE 100 index tumbled 5.5% to 5,578.2, wiping £84bn ($163bn) off the value of its listed shares.

Indexes in Paris and Frankfurt slumped by about 7%, while markets in Asia, India and South America also dropped.

Investors questioned whether a recent plan to boost the US economy would be enough to avert a full-blown recession.

When reminded about how bad things are, the market remembers it should go down," said Art Hogan, chief market strategist at Jefferies & Co.

"And, it is going to take more than just monetary policy to clean up the mess we've made with this economy," Hogan said.

"The Philadelphia Fed Survey was a disaster, defying even the most pessimistic projections," said Frederic Ruffy, an analyst at Optionetics.

Google, which began trading at $85 in 2004, has the sixth- highest stock price in the U.S. and has surged 27 percent this year. The shares rose $1.84 to $584.39 at 4 p.m. New York time on the Nasdaq Stock Market and earlier reached $596.81.

The search engine has taken users from Yahoo! Inc. and Microsoft Corp., pushing sales growth to at least 70 percent in each of the past three years. Google plans to lure more Web surfers and advertisers through the YouTube video site, bought last year, and has introduced software to sell mobile ads.

"Google is still dominating," Piper Jaffray & Co. Web analysts including Gene Munster said in an Oct. 1 report.

Munster, in Minneapolis, rates the stock "outperform" and estimates it will reach $660 within a year as Google parlays its lead in search into other areas of online advertising next year.

Remember a couple years back when some analyst floated the idea that Google could eventually be worth $2,000 a share--and was ridiculed from coast to coast? Well, first it's worth noting that Google is now almost a third of the way there. Second, it's worth noting that $2,000 a share would mean a market cap of about $750 billion, which--given a reasonable time horizon--just isn't that far-fetched.

Why? First, from a macro level, in every technology wave, the market leader usually ends up amassing more power, wealth, and market capitalization than the leaders in the prior wave, often by a startling magnitude. The leaders in the last technology wave included Microsoft and Cisco, both of which peaked around $500 billion in market capitalization...

The latest example: John Mackey, co-founder and chief executive of Whole Foods, posted anonymously about his company and the acquisition target Wild Oats Markets on the Yahoo stock market boards beginning in 1999 until last year. Using the pseudonym "Rahodeb" -- an anagram of his wife's name, Deborah -- he routinely bashed Wild Oats, posting nuggets such as "OATS has no value and no future," The Wall Street Journal reports. That particular post was made in February 2005; this year, Whole Foods agreed to purchase Wild Oats for $670 million in February.

The information about Mackey's posts came to light this week, thanks to the Federal Trade Commission, which is seeking to block Whole Foods' buyout of Wild Oats, saying the deal would squash competition.

But, while criticizing a rival anonymously doesn't seem like an especially noble way to run a business, it's also hard to see how, in these circumstances, it proves an antitrust violation.

"Would Whole Foods buy OATS?" Rahodeb asked, using Wild Oats' stock symbol. "Almost surely not at current prices. What would they gain? OATS locations are too small." Rahodeb speculated that Wild Oats eventually would be sold after sliding into bankruptcy or when its stock fell below $5. A month later, Rahodeb wrote that Wild Oats management "clearly doesn't know what it is doing .... OATS has no value and no future."

"The stock is obviously anticipating very very strong sales for the iPhone and very good follow-through sales," said Andy Hargreaves of Pacific Crest Securities. "The stock isn't going to be a one-month wonder."

Apple has said it will start selling iPhones in Europe this year and in Asia in 2008, but gave no further details.

European media reports this week have said Apple may be close to deals with carriers in France, Germany and Britain, a three-country strategy that would mimic the launch of its popular iTunes online music store in Europe in 2004.

Apple shares have increased more than 50 percent since the company unveiled in January the cell phone that combines Web browsing with the music and video playing capabilities of its best-selling iPod device.

For the quarter, the blue-chip average sits on a loss of 0.9%, its first quarterly decline since the second quarter of 2005.

The Dow first rose by over 65 points in morning trade Friday, before falling by over 100 points and then recovering some ground in the afternoon.

"Near-term, there are too many uncertainties," said Owen Fitzpatrick, head of the U.S. equity group at Deutsche Bank. "There are a lot of issues that aren't resolved about the housing market, subprime mortgages and geopolitical tensions."

Stocks have been rocked since late February amid mounting concerns that a meltdown in the subprime mortgage market will spread, restricting lending, cramping consumption and further weakening a slowing U.S. economy.

"The market is going to be in choppy waters, at least for the next couple of months," said Fitzpatrick. Next week, the market will be on the lookout for negative announcements from companies forced to ratchet down earnings outlooks, "given the weakness that we've already seen in the economy," he said.

On Friday, Dec. 15, 2006, shares in Apparel Manufacturing Associates, Inc. (APPM) closed at $.06, with a trading volume of 3,500 shares. After a weekend spam campaign distributed emails proclaiming, "Huge news expected out on APPM, get in before the wire, We're taking it all the way to $1.00," trading volume on Monday, Dec. 18, 2006, hit 484,568 shares with the price spiking to over 19 cents a share. Two days later the price climbed to $.45. By Dec. 27, 2006, the price was back down to $.10 on trading volume of 65,350 shares.

On Dec. 19, 2006, trading in Goldmark Industries, Inc. (GDKI), closed at $.17 on trading volume of 126,286 shares. On Dec. 20, 2006, the spam campaign started, with e-mail proclaiming "GDKI IS MAKING EVERYONE BANK!," and setting a 5-day price target of $2. By Dec. 28, 2006, spam emails boasted of the price spike that had already been achieved -- "$.28 (Up 152% in 2 days!!!)" -- and promised a 5-day price target of $1. That same day, GDKI closed at $.35 on a volume of more than 5 million shares. By January 9, 2007, the closing share price was back down to $.15.

A spam campaign in Healtheuniverse, Inc. (HLUN) stock began on Sept. 4, 2006, with emails incorporating a Healtheuniverse press release proclaiming that HLUN was "focused on being the first to commercialize stem cell applications in the $15 billion worldwide plastic surgery and cosmetic surgery market." On Sept. 7, 2006, HLUN closed at $.12 per share on trading volume of 3,000 shares. The spam campaign accelerated, and HLUN shares spiked to $.22 per share on Sept. 11, 2006, with over 2.2 million shares trading hands. By Sept. 22, 2006, the closing price had dropped back down to $.11.